![]() ![]() The systematic names and formulas given refer to hypothetical forms in which amino groups are unprotonated and carboxyl groups are undissociated. The Commission justified this approach as follows: For example, the systematic name of alanine is 2-aminopropanoic acid, based on the formula CH 3−CH(NH 2)−COOH. ![]() It is thought that they played a key role in enabling life on Earth and its emergence.Īmino acids are formally named by the IUPAC- IUBMB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature in terms of the fictitious "neutral" structure shown in the illustration. Beyond their role as residues in proteins, amino acids participate in a number of processes such as neurotransmitter transport and biosynthesis. In the form of proteins, amino acid residues form the second-largest component ( water being the largest) of human muscles and other tissues. Īmino acids can be classified according to the locations of the core structural functional groups, as alpha- (α-), beta- (β-), gamma- (γ-) or delta- (δ-) amino acids other categories relate to polarity, ionization, and side chain group type ( aliphatic, acyclic, aromatic, containing hydroxyl or sulfur, etc.). Only 22 α-amino acids appear in the genetic code of all life. Although over 500 amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the α-amino acids, from which proteins are composed. Structure of a generic α-amino acid in the "neutral" formĪmino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. ![]() For the structures and properties of the standard proteinogenic amino acids, see Proteinogenic amino acid. This article is about the class for chemicals. ![]()
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